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Asthma
A complex disease
What is asthma?
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterised by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by a history of respiratory symptoms, such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough, that vary over time and in intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation.1
Patients with suspected asthma can vary greatly in age at onset, clinical presentation, triggers, severity and response to treatment, making diagnosis complex. In addition, several other diseases often have the same symptoms, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or vocal cord dysfunction.2
Asthma is still a challenge
The frequency and severity of asthma is increasing, with 4.3% of the world’s population affected. That’s 340 million people, more than the entire population of the United States.3
340 million
people affected by asthma worldwide3
50% of patients report at least one exacerbation in the last year4
75% of asthma costs
may be due to poor asthma control5
4th most common
reason for hospitalisation in adults6
1,000 deaths every day3 2/3's could be avoided7
Up to 50% of patients are wrongly diagnosed with asthma8
References
1. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2021 update. 2. Dweik RA et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(5):602-15. 3. Global Asthma Network. The Global Asthma Report. 2018. 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: asthma prevalence, disease characteristics, and self-management education-United States, 2001-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep. 2011;60(17): 547-552. 5. Apter AJ. Enhancing patients adherence to asthma therapy. Up to Date. Last updated 2021. 6. Meltzer et al. Asthma burden in the United States: results of the 2009 Asthma Insight and Management survey. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012;33(1):36-46. 7. Royal College of Physicians (RCP). Why asthma still kills: the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD). 2014. 8. Kavanagh J et al. Over- and under-diagnosis in asthma. Breathe (Sheff). 2019;15(1):e20-e27.